Membrane Protein Expression: Functional Expression, Folding And Assembly In Cell-Free Systems
Keywords
Olfactory Receptor Proteins, Cell-Free Protein Synthesis System, Membrane Proteins, Biosensing, Signal Transduction
Abstract
Membrane proteins play a vital role in the life activities of humans and other species. Membrane proteins account for 30% of the sequenced genomes. Functions such as drug target sites, signal transmission between cells, and detection of the external environment are mostly achieved through special membrane receptor proteins on biological membranes. Membrane protein research is of great significance in the fields of industry, environment, national defense, medicine and other fields. Olfactory receptor protein is a typical membrane protein and belongs to the G protein-coupled receptor family. Olfactory receptor proteins regulate food seeking, danger avoidance and courtship behaviors of organisms. It is mainly distributed in the nasal cavity of vertebrates and the antennae of insects. Olfactory receptor proteins can directly recognize odor molecules, convert biological signals into electrical signals, and finally transmit them to the nerve center to make relevant responses. Obtaining membrane proteins is not easy. The content of membrane proteins in natural tissues is too low to support academic research. Heterologous expression makes it difficult to integrate membrane proteins into the membrane, which brings great challenges to the study of the structure and function of membrane proteins. The cell-free protein synthesis system is an open system and does not rely on cell activity. It is an effective method for expressing proteins in vitro. Using a cell-free protein synthesis system to achieve self-assembly of membrane protein dimers in vitro will bring new breakthroughs in membrane protein research. This article summarizes the research progress of membrane proteins for cell-free expression.
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Original research done by Wu Wenjian, Li Jianyong, Man Yahui, Pei Di, Chen Qian
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