Keywords

Soybean, Small Peptides, Root Nodules, Wip, Gene Expression, Subcellular Localization, Molecular Evolution

Abstract

Small peptide molecules are important signaling molecules for plant cell differentiation, organ formation and biological defense. By analyzing the whole genome DNA sequence of soybeans, it was found that a large number of genes encode small peptide precursors, that is, small polypeptide molecules. So far, the research on these small polypeptide molecules has not been completed. Little is known about their characteristics and functions. This paper systematically analyzed soybean transcriptome data in public databases and identified 212 small polypeptide genes with enhanced expression in root nodules. 79 of them belong to 38 multigene families, while the other 133 The gene does not belong to any gene family. Among the 38 gene families, 10 gene families appear only in leguminous plants, and the other 28 also appear in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. In soybean, the largest gene family is The wound-induced small protein (WIP) gene family consists of 38 members, about half of which have enhanced expression in soybean nitrogen-fixing root nodules. We further analyzed the genes in Medicago truncatula, Lotus japonicus, Arabidopsis thaliana and WIP homologous genes in rice were found to have enhanced expression in root nodules or were induced by pathogenic bacteria. Secondary structure analysis showed that WIP small polypeptide precursors all contain a DUF3774 domain, which contains two transmembrane hydrophobic regions. Most molecules have N-terminal signal peptide sequences. We selected 2 soybean WIP genes for subcellular localization analysis and found that the WIP small polypeptide is located on the cell membrane. Interestingly, 34 soybean WIP genes are clustered on 3 chromosomes , completely different from the dispersed distribution of other small polypeptide gene families discovered so far (such as CLE). There are 11, 12 and 11 WIP genes distributed on chromosomes 6, 12 and 13 respectively. And the WIP on chromosome 12 is the same The source gene is located on chromosome 13, and the two have a corresponding relationship. The WIP genes on chromosome 6 have the highest homology with each other, and only have high homology with the genes on chromosome 12. Therefore, It can be speculated that in the soybean genome, the WIP gene may originate from chromosome 13, spread to chromosome 12 through chromosome duplication, and then spread to chromosome 6. In the Arabidopsis and rice genomes, more than half of the WIP genes are also distributed in one on chromosomes, and has high homology with the WIP genes on soybean chromosomes 12 and 13. Therefore, the WIP genes in plants may originate from a common ancestor.

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Original research done by Li Xiaolin, Xu Ji, Yu Guanqiao, Luo Li

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